This issue of Certified Science was emailed to all current ACEs and BCEs on Sept. 21, 2015. A current issue will email this week and will post to the blog in about 8-12 weeks. To receive the current issue as it publishes, please consider becoming ACE or BCE certified.
A Periodic E-mail Service to ACEs and Urban-Industrial BCEs
Certified Science is a summary of some recent articles in the ESA journals that relate to structural pest management and urban arthropod pests. The abstracts are freely available online for all articles, though access to the full text will generally require membership in the ESA.
- Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 108, Issue #5
- Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
- Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
- Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4 and Volume 52 #5
- Journal of Insect Science, Volume 15 (June 23 – September 20, 2015)
- EntomologyToday blog (posts between June 25 and September 20, 2015)
An Adhesive Collophore May Help
Direct the Springtail Jump
Authors: Colin Favret, Matthieu Tzaud, Eric F. Erbe, Gary R. Bauchan, Ron Ochoa
Source: Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Vol. 108, #5
Abstract: The collophore of Entomobrya multifasciata (Tullberg) (Collembola: Entomobryidae) is composed of four segments. The third segment telescopes in and out of the second and the fourth is an eversible vesicle that is entirely enclosed in the third when not deployed. Low temperature scanning electron micrographs document that the collophore may remain adhered to the substrate even as the springtail initiates its jump... (Full abstract)
Authors: Colin Favret, Matthieu Tzaud, Eric F. Erbe, Gary R. Bauchan, Ron Ochoa
Source: Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Vol. 108, #5
Abstract: The collophore of Entomobrya multifasciata (Tullberg) (Collembola: Entomobryidae) is composed of four segments. The third segment telescopes in and out of the second and the fourth is an eversible vesicle that is entirely enclosed in the third when not deployed. Low temperature scanning electron micrographs document that the collophore may remain adhered to the substrate even as the springtail initiates its jump... (Full abstract)
Population Dynamics of Culex restuans and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) Related to Climatic Factors in
Northwest Ohio
Authors: C. M. Helbing, D. L. Moorhead, L. Mitchell
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Two species of Culex mosquitoes are common throughout much of North America. Culex restuans Theobold is a native species, whereas Culex pipiens L. is a European immigrant that has been in North America since the 1600s. Larvae of Cx. restuans are numerically dominant in spring and early summer but Cx. pipiens dominates by mid-summer. This transition is termed the “Culex crossover” and has been previously explored in larval populations, largely because Cx. pipiens is more likely to transfer West Nile virus to humans... (Full abstract)
Authors: C. M. Helbing, D. L. Moorhead, L. Mitchell
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Two species of Culex mosquitoes are common throughout much of North America. Culex restuans Theobold is a native species, whereas Culex pipiens L. is a European immigrant that has been in North America since the 1600s. Larvae of Cx. restuans are numerically dominant in spring and early summer but Cx. pipiens dominates by mid-summer. This transition is termed the “Culex crossover” and has been previously explored in larval populations, largely because Cx. pipiens is more likely to transfer West Nile virus to humans... (Full abstract)
Local and Landscape Correlates of
Spider Activity Density and Species Richness in Urban Gardens
Authors: Michelle D. Otoshi, Peter Bichier, Stacy M. Philpott
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Urbanization is a major threat to arthropod biodiversity and abundance due to reduction and loss of suitable natural habitat. Green spaces and small-scale agricultural areas may provide habitat and resources for arthropods within densely developed cities. We studied spider activity density (a measure of both abundance and degree of movement) and diversity in urban gardens in Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, and Monterey counties in central California, USA. We sampled for spiders with pitfall traps and sampled 38 local site characteristics for 5 mo in 19 garden sites to determine the relative importance of individual local factors... (Full abstract)
Authors: Michelle D. Otoshi, Peter Bichier, Stacy M. Philpott
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Urbanization is a major threat to arthropod biodiversity and abundance due to reduction and loss of suitable natural habitat. Green spaces and small-scale agricultural areas may provide habitat and resources for arthropods within densely developed cities. We studied spider activity density (a measure of both abundance and degree of movement) and diversity in urban gardens in Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, and Monterey counties in central California, USA. We sampled for spiders with pitfall traps and sampled 38 local site characteristics for 5 mo in 19 garden sites to determine the relative importance of individual local factors... (Full abstract)
Drilling-in and Chewing-out of Hosts
by the Parasitoid Wasp Spalangia endius
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) When Parasitizing Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Scott A. Broski, B. H. King
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Many organisms are protected from natural enemies by a tough exterior. Such protection is particularly important for immobile stages, such as pupae. The pupa of some insects is protected by a puparium, which is a shell formed from the exoskeleton of the last larval instar. However, the puparium of certain fly species is drilled through by adult females of the wasp Spalangia endius Walker. The female wasp then deposits an egg on the fly pupa within the puparium... (Full abstract)
Authors: Scott A. Broski, B. H. King
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Many organisms are protected from natural enemies by a tough exterior. Such protection is particularly important for immobile stages, such as pupae. The pupa of some insects is protected by a puparium, which is a shell formed from the exoskeleton of the last larval instar. However, the puparium of certain fly species is drilled through by adult females of the wasp Spalangia endius Walker. The female wasp then deposits an egg on the fly pupa within the puparium... (Full abstract)
An Extraordinary Host-Specific Sex
Ratio in an Avian Louse (Phthiraptera: Insecta)—Chemical Distortion?
Authors: H. D. Douglas III, J. R. Malenke
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Distortions of sex ratios and sexual traits from synthetic chemicals have been well documented; however, there is little evidence for such phenomena associated with naturally occurring chemical exposures. We reasoned that chemical secretions of vertebrates could contribute to skewed sex ratios in ectoparasitic insects due to differences in susceptibility among the sexes. For example, among ectoparasitic lice the female is generally the larger sex. Smaller males may be more susceptible to chemical effects... (Full abstract)
Authors: H. D. Douglas III, J. R. Malenke
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Distortions of sex ratios and sexual traits from synthetic chemicals have been well documented; however, there is little evidence for such phenomena associated with naturally occurring chemical exposures. We reasoned that chemical secretions of vertebrates could contribute to skewed sex ratios in ectoparasitic insects due to differences in susceptibility among the sexes. For example, among ectoparasitic lice the female is generally the larger sex. Smaller males may be more susceptible to chemical effects... (Full abstract)
Electroantennogram Responses and
Field Trapping of Asian Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) with
Blattellaquinone, Sex Pheromone of the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera:
Blattellidae)
Authors: Yvonne K. Matos, Coby Schal
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: The Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, first introduced to Florida in 1986, has been spreading throughout the southeastern United States. Populations can reach extremely high densities and cause damage to crops as well as become a nuisance in residential settings. Because the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., is its closest extant relative, we characterized the B. asahinai male response to blattellaquinone, the sex pheromone of the German cockroach... (Full abstract)
Authors: Yvonne K. Matos, Coby Schal
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: The Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, first introduced to Florida in 1986, has been spreading throughout the southeastern United States. Populations can reach extremely high densities and cause damage to crops as well as become a nuisance in residential settings. Because the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., is its closest extant relative, we characterized the B. asahinai male response to blattellaquinone, the sex pheromone of the German cockroach... (Full abstract)
Temperature Characterization of
Different Urban Microhabitats of Aedes albopictus (Diptera Culicidae) in
Central–Northern Italy
Authors: Roberto Vallorani, Paola Angelini, Romeo Bellini, Marco Carrieri, Alfonso Crisci, Silvia Mascali Zeo, Gianni Messeri, Claudio Venturelli
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is an invasive mosquito species that has spread to many countries in temperate regions bordering the Mediterranean basin, where it is becoming a major public health concern. A good knowledge of the thermal features of the most productive breeding sites for Ae. albopictus is crucial for a better estimation of the mosquitoes’ life cycle and developmental rates. In this article, we address the problem of predicting air temperature in three microhabitats common in urban and suburban areas and the air... (Full abstract)
Authors: Roberto Vallorani, Paola Angelini, Romeo Bellini, Marco Carrieri, Alfonso Crisci, Silvia Mascali Zeo, Gianni Messeri, Claudio Venturelli
Source: Environmental Entomology, Volume 44 #4
Abstract: Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is an invasive mosquito species that has spread to many countries in temperate regions bordering the Mediterranean basin, where it is becoming a major public health concern. A good knowledge of the thermal features of the most productive breeding sites for Ae. albopictus is crucial for a better estimation of the mosquitoes’ life cycle and developmental rates. In this article, we address the problem of predicting air temperature in three microhabitats common in urban and suburban areas and the air... (Full abstract)
Programmed Cell Death in the Honey
Bee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera:
Apidae) Worker Brain Induced by Imidacloprid
Authors: Yan-Yan Wu, Ting Zhou, Qiang Wang, Ping-Li Dai, Shu-Fa Xu, Hui-Ru Jia, Xing Wang
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Honey bees are at an unavoidable risk of exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides, which are used worldwide. Compared with the well-studied roles of these pesticides in nontarget site (including midgut, ovary, or salivary glands), little has been reported in the target sites, the brain. In the current study, laboratory-reared adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were treated with sublethal doses of imidacloprid. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL technique for DNA labeling. We observed significantly increased apoptotic markers in... (Full abstract)
Authors: Yan-Yan Wu, Ting Zhou, Qiang Wang, Ping-Li Dai, Shu-Fa Xu, Hui-Ru Jia, Xing Wang
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Honey bees are at an unavoidable risk of exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides, which are used worldwide. Compared with the well-studied roles of these pesticides in nontarget site (including midgut, ovary, or salivary glands), little has been reported in the target sites, the brain. In the current study, laboratory-reared adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were treated with sublethal doses of imidacloprid. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL technique for DNA labeling. We observed significantly increased apoptotic markers in... (Full abstract)
Influence of Honey Bee Genotype and
Wintering Method on Wintering Performance of Varroa destructor (Parasitiformes: Varroidae)-Infected Honey Bee
(Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies in a Northern Climate
Authors: Rassol Bahreini, Robert W. Currie
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a cooperative breeding program designed to enhance winter survival of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) when exposed to high levels of varroa (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) in outdoor-wintered and indoor-wintered colonies. Half of the colonies from selected and unselected stocks were randomly assigned to be treated with late autumn oxalic acid treatment or to be left untreated. Colonies were then randomly assigned to be wintered either indoors... (Full abstract)
Authors: Rassol Bahreini, Robert W. Currie
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a cooperative breeding program designed to enhance winter survival of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) when exposed to high levels of varroa (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) in outdoor-wintered and indoor-wintered colonies. Half of the colonies from selected and unselected stocks were randomly assigned to be treated with late autumn oxalic acid treatment or to be left untreated. Colonies were then randomly assigned to be wintered either indoors... (Full abstract)
Mutualism Between Fire Ants and
Mealybugs Reduces Lady Beetle Predation
Authors: Shoujie Cheng, Ling Zeng, Yijuan Xu
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Solenopsis invicta Buren is an important invasive pest that has a negative impact on biodiversity. However, current knowledge regarding the ecological effects of its interaction with honeydew-producing hemipteran insects is inadequate. To partially address this problem, we assessed whether the interaction between the two invasive species S. invicta and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley mediated predation of P. solenopsis by Propylaea japonica Thunbery lady beetles using field investigations and indoor experiments... (Full abstract)
Authors: Shoujie Cheng, Ling Zeng, Yijuan Xu
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Solenopsis invicta Buren is an important invasive pest that has a negative impact on biodiversity. However, current knowledge regarding the ecological effects of its interaction with honeydew-producing hemipteran insects is inadequate. To partially address this problem, we assessed whether the interaction between the two invasive species S. invicta and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley mediated predation of P. solenopsis by Propylaea japonica Thunbery lady beetles using field investigations and indoor experiments... (Full abstract)
Horizontal Transmission of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales:
Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium
anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: M. C. Cárcamo, F. Felchicher, J. P. Duarte, E. Bernardi, P. B. Ribeiro
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin are fungi with potential for controlling Musca domestica L. However, the impact on this dipteral may vary depending on the fungal isolates and the methodology used. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of direct application and horizontal transmission of B. bassiana (CG240) and M. anisopliae (CG34) on adult M. domestica individuals.... (Full abstract)
Authors: M. C. Cárcamo, F. Felchicher, J. P. Duarte, E. Bernardi, P. B. Ribeiro
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin are fungi with potential for controlling Musca domestica L. However, the impact on this dipteral may vary depending on the fungal isolates and the methodology used. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of direct application and horizontal transmission of B. bassiana (CG240) and M. anisopliae (CG34) on adult M. domestica individuals.... (Full abstract)
Feasibility of Mating Disruption for
Agricultural Pest Eradication in an Urban Environment: Light Brown Apple Moth
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Perth
Authors: Rajendra Soopaya, Bill Woods, Ian Lacey, Amandip Virdi, Agenor Mafra-Neto, David Maxwell Suckling
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Eradication technologies are needed for urban and suburban situations, but may require different technologies from pest management in agriculture. We investigated mating disruption of a model moth species recently targeted for eradication in Californian cities, by applying dollops of SPLAT releasing a two-component sex pheromone of the light brown apple moth in 2-ha plots in low-density residential Perth, Australia. The pheromone technology was applied manually... (Full abstract)
Authors: Rajendra Soopaya, Bill Woods, Ian Lacey, Amandip Virdi, Agenor Mafra-Neto, David Maxwell Suckling
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Eradication technologies are needed for urban and suburban situations, but may require different technologies from pest management in agriculture. We investigated mating disruption of a model moth species recently targeted for eradication in Californian cities, by applying dollops of SPLAT releasing a two-component sex pheromone of the light brown apple moth in 2-ha plots in low-density residential Perth, Australia. The pheromone technology was applied manually... (Full abstract)
Using the DAS-ELISA Test to
Establish an Effective Distance Between Bait Stations for Control of
Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Natural Areas
Authors: Jinbo Song, Eric P. Benson, Patricia A. Zungoli, Patrick Gerard, Simon W. Scott
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Linepithema humile (Mayr), the Argentine ant, is an invasive pest that has spread throughout the United States and is a problem in natural and managed habitats in South Carolina. Foraging patterns and the effectiveness of liquid baits for control of this pest have been studied in urban areas. However, similar studies have not been conducted in natural areas such as parks, picnic grounds, or campsites. L. humile populations can be large and widespread, making them a major nuisance pest for visitors to these natural areas.... (Full abstract)
Authors: Jinbo Song, Eric P. Benson, Patricia A. Zungoli, Patrick Gerard, Simon W. Scott
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Linepithema humile (Mayr), the Argentine ant, is an invasive pest that has spread throughout the United States and is a problem in natural and managed habitats in South Carolina. Foraging patterns and the effectiveness of liquid baits for control of this pest have been studied in urban areas. However, similar studies have not been conducted in natural areas such as parks, picnic grounds, or campsites. L. humile populations can be large and widespread, making them a major nuisance pest for visitors to these natural areas.... (Full abstract)
Point of No Return From Water Loss
in Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera:
Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Bal K. Gautam, Gregg Henderson
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Describing desiccation stages based on the physical appearance of termites has not been evaluated previously. Formosan subterranean termites were studied to determine the rate of water loss, singly and in groups, in the laboratory. The stages of water loss are described based on changes in physical appearance and percent total body water loss evaluated at 2- to 8-h time intervals up to 32 h. Workers in groups lost water slower than individual worker trials. Weight loss was linear over time for worker groups and individuals... (Full abstract)
Authors: Bal K. Gautam, Gregg Henderson
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Describing desiccation stages based on the physical appearance of termites has not been evaluated previously. Formosan subterranean termites were studied to determine the rate of water loss, singly and in groups, in the laboratory. The stages of water loss are described based on changes in physical appearance and percent total body water loss evaluated at 2- to 8-h time intervals up to 32 h. Workers in groups lost water slower than individual worker trials. Weight loss was linear over time for worker groups and individuals... (Full abstract)
Sodium Fluoride for Protection of
Wood Against Field Populations of Subterranean Termites
Authors: Chengyuan Pan, Chenzhi Wang
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a wood preservative with fungicidal activity and antifeedant activity against termites. In this study, wood blocks of Pinus massoniana were treated with a 0.5% (wt/wt) aqueous solution of NaF, and placed in soil contact under field conditions to evaluate leachability of NaF and resistance to Reticulitermes flaviceps (Oshima). Fluoride leachate levels in soil from wood-soil locations were also determined. After 12-mo outdoor exposure, 91.54% of fluoride was leached... (Full abstract)
Authors: Chengyuan Pan, Chenzhi Wang
Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 108 #4
Abstract: Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a wood preservative with fungicidal activity and antifeedant activity against termites. In this study, wood blocks of Pinus massoniana were treated with a 0.5% (wt/wt) aqueous solution of NaF, and placed in soil contact under field conditions to evaluate leachability of NaF and resistance to Reticulitermes flaviceps (Oshima). Fluoride leachate levels in soil from wood-soil locations were also determined. After 12-mo outdoor exposure, 91.54% of fluoride was leached... (Full abstract)
Genetic Variability and Geographic
Diversity of the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Populations from the
Midwest Using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Ralph B. Narain, Sreedevi Lalithambika, Shripat T. Kamble
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: With the recent global resurgence of the bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.), there is a need to better understand its biology, ecology, and ability to establish populations. Bed bugs are domestic pests that feed mainly on mammalian blood. Although bed bugs have not been implicated as vectors of pathogens, their biting activity inflicts severe insomnia and allergic reactions. Moreover, they have recently developed resistance to various insecticides, which requires further molecular research... (Full abstract)
Authors: Ralph B. Narain, Sreedevi Lalithambika, Shripat T. Kamble
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: With the recent global resurgence of the bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.), there is a need to better understand its biology, ecology, and ability to establish populations. Bed bugs are domestic pests that feed mainly on mammalian blood. Although bed bugs have not been implicated as vectors of pathogens, their biting activity inflicts severe insomnia and allergic reactions. Moreover, they have recently developed resistance to various insecticides, which requires further molecular research... (Full abstract)
West Nile Virus Activity in a Winter
Roost of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos): Is Bird-To-Bird Transmission
Important in Persistence and Amplification?
Authors: M. G. Hinton, W. K. Reisen, S. S. Wheeler, A. K. Townsend
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: Since its emergence in North America, West Nile virus (WNV) has had a large impact on equines, humans, and wild bird communities, yet gaps remain in our understanding of how the virus persists at temperate latitudes when winter temperatures preclude virus replication and host-seeking activity by mosquito vectors. Bird-to-bird transmission at large communal American Crow roosts could provide one mechanism for WNV persistence... (Full abstract)
Authors: M. G. Hinton, W. K. Reisen, S. S. Wheeler, A. K. Townsend
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: Since its emergence in North America, West Nile virus (WNV) has had a large impact on equines, humans, and wild bird communities, yet gaps remain in our understanding of how the virus persists at temperate latitudes when winter temperatures preclude virus replication and host-seeking activity by mosquito vectors. Bird-to-bird transmission at large communal American Crow roosts could provide one mechanism for WNV persistence... (Full abstract)
Prevalence Rates of Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales:
Spirochaetaceae), Anaplasma
phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), and Babesia microti (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) in Host-Seeking Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) from
Pennsylvania
Authors: M. L. Hutchinson, M. D. Strohecker, T. W. Simmons, A. D. Kyle, M. W. Helwig
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: The etiological agents responsible for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), and babesiosis (Babesia microti) are primarily transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say. Despite Pennsylvania having in recent years reported the highest number of Lyme disease cases in the United States, relatively little is known regarding the geographic distribution of the vector and its pathogens in the state... (Full abstract)
Authors: M. L. Hutchinson, M. D. Strohecker, T. W. Simmons, A. D. Kyle, M. W. Helwig
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: The etiological agents responsible for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), and babesiosis (Babesia microti) are primarily transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say. Despite Pennsylvania having in recent years reported the highest number of Lyme disease cases in the United States, relatively little is known regarding the geographic distribution of the vector and its pathogens in the state... (Full abstract)
Density-Dependent Oviposition by Female
Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Spreads Eggs Among Containers During the
Summer but Accumulates Them in the Fall
Authors: D. M. Fonseca, L. R. Kaplan, R. A. Heiry, D. Strickman
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: When possible, oviparous females should deposit eggs in sites that maximize the future performance of their offspring. Therefore, studies of oviposition behavior may uncover parameters important to offspring fitness. Gravid female Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were given a choice of containers with leaf infusion or plain water, either open or with a cover with a small opening, and their behavior was compared under summer (long day, higher temperature) or fall (short day, lower temperature) regimes. Open containers with leaf infusion were always preferred, but over time, summer females expanded their choices... (Full abstract)
Authors: D. M. Fonseca, L. R. Kaplan, R. A. Heiry, D. Strickman
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: When possible, oviparous females should deposit eggs in sites that maximize the future performance of their offspring. Therefore, studies of oviposition behavior may uncover parameters important to offspring fitness. Gravid female Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were given a choice of containers with leaf infusion or plain water, either open or with a cover with a small opening, and their behavior was compared under summer (long day, higher temperature) or fall (short day, lower temperature) regimes. Open containers with leaf infusion were always preferred, but over time, summer females expanded their choices... (Full abstract)
Effectiveness of Garlic for the
Control of Ixodes scapularis (Acari:
Ixodidae) on Residential Properties in Western Connecticut
Authors: Anuja Bharadwaj, Laura E. Hayes, Kirby C. Stafford III
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: We conducted field trials to evaluate the ability of a garlic juice-based product to control or suppress nymphal activity of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, at residential properties in Connecticut in 2009, 2010, and 2011. The product was applied at a rate of 0.2 g AI/m2. Percent control of nymphal densities achieved by the spray treatment at 6, 11, and 18 d postspray for the 3 yr was 37.0, 59.0, and 47.4%, respectively. Differences between nymphal densities were greatest during the first post-spray sampling period... (Full abstract)
Authors: Anuja Bharadwaj, Laura E. Hayes, Kirby C. Stafford III
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: We conducted field trials to evaluate the ability of a garlic juice-based product to control or suppress nymphal activity of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, at residential properties in Connecticut in 2009, 2010, and 2011. The product was applied at a rate of 0.2 g AI/m2. Percent control of nymphal densities achieved by the spray treatment at 6, 11, and 18 d postspray for the 3 yr was 37.0, 59.0, and 47.4%, respectively. Differences between nymphal densities were greatest during the first post-spray sampling period... (Full abstract)
Extensive Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy
in Natural Populations of a Resurging Human Pest, the Bed Bug (Hemiptera:
Cimicidae)
Authors: G. A. Robison, O. Balvin, C. Schal, E. L. Vargo, W. Booth
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: Homoplasmy, the occurrence of a single mitochondrial DNA haplotype within an individual, has been the accepted condition across most organisms in the animal kingdom. In recent years, a number of exceptions to this rule have been reported, largely due to the ease with which single nucleotide polymorphisms can be detected. Evidence of heteroplasmy—two or more mitochondrial variants within a single individual—has now been documented in a number of invertebrates... (Full abstract)
Authors: G. A. Robison, O. Balvin, C. Schal, E. L. Vargo, W. Booth
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #4
Abstract: Homoplasmy, the occurrence of a single mitochondrial DNA haplotype within an individual, has been the accepted condition across most organisms in the animal kingdom. In recent years, a number of exceptions to this rule have been reported, largely due to the ease with which single nucleotide polymorphisms can be detected. Evidence of heteroplasmy—two or more mitochondrial variants within a single individual—has now been documented in a number of invertebrates... (Full abstract)
Factors That Influence the
Transmission of West Nile Virus in Florida
Authors: Jonathan F. Day, Walter J. Tabachnick, Chelsea T. Smartt
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in New York City during the late summer of 1999 and was first detected in Florida in 2001. Although WNV has been responsible for widespread and extensive epidemics in human populations and epizootics in domestic animals and wildlife throughout North America, comparable epidemics have never materialized in Florida. Here, we review some of the reasons why WNV has yet to cause an extensive outbreak in Florida... (Full abstract)
Authors: Jonathan F. Day, Walter J. Tabachnick, Chelsea T. Smartt
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in New York City during the late summer of 1999 and was first detected in Florida in 2001. Although WNV has been responsible for widespread and extensive epidemics in human populations and epizootics in domestic animals and wildlife throughout North America, comparable epidemics have never materialized in Florida. Here, we review some of the reasons why WNV has yet to cause an extensive outbreak in Florida... (Full abstract)
Cytogenetic Features of Human Head
and Body Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae)
Authors: María José Bressa, Alba Graciela Papeschi, Ariel Ceferino Toloza
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: The genus Pediculus L. that parasitize humans comprise two subspecies: the head lice Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer and the body lice Pediculus humanus humanus De Geer. Despite the 200 yr of the first description of these two species, there is still a long debate about their taxonomic status. Some authors proposed that these organisms are separate species, conspecifics, or grouped in clades... (Full abstract)
Authors: María José Bressa, Alba Graciela Papeschi, Ariel Ceferino Toloza
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: The genus Pediculus L. that parasitize humans comprise two subspecies: the head lice Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer and the body lice Pediculus humanus humanus De Geer. Despite the 200 yr of the first description of these two species, there is still a long debate about their taxonomic status. Some authors proposed that these organisms are separate species, conspecifics, or grouped in clades... (Full abstract)
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of
Infestation Deterrents Against Lice
Authors: Kyong Sup Yoon, Jennifer K. Ketzis, Samuel W. Andrewes, Christopher S. Wu, Kris Honraet, Dorien Staljanssens, Bart Rossel, J. Marshall Clark
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: The human head louse is a cosmopolitan ectoparasite and frequently infests many people, particularly school-age children. Due to widespread pyrethroid resistance and the lack of efficient resistance management, there has been a considerable interest in the protection of uninfested people and prevention of reinfestation by disrupting lice transfer. In this study, two nonclinical model systems (in vitro and in vivo) were used to determine the efficacy of the infestation deterrents, Elimax lotion and Elimax shampoo, against human head lice or poultry chewing lice, respectively... (Full abstract)
Authors: Kyong Sup Yoon, Jennifer K. Ketzis, Samuel W. Andrewes, Christopher S. Wu, Kris Honraet, Dorien Staljanssens, Bart Rossel, J. Marshall Clark
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: The human head louse is a cosmopolitan ectoparasite and frequently infests many people, particularly school-age children. Due to widespread pyrethroid resistance and the lack of efficient resistance management, there has been a considerable interest in the protection of uninfested people and prevention of reinfestation by disrupting lice transfer. In this study, two nonclinical model systems (in vitro and in vivo) were used to determine the efficacy of the infestation deterrents, Elimax lotion and Elimax shampoo, against human head lice or poultry chewing lice, respectively... (Full abstract)
Ectoparasites of Microtus californicus and Possible
Emergence of an Exotic Ixodes Species Tick in California
Authors: Amanda Poulsen, Chris Conroy, Patrick Foley, Caitlin Ott-Conn, Austin Roy, Richard Brown, Janet Foley
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: California voles (Microtus californicus Peale) harbor fleas and ticks, may be infected with vector-borne pathogens, and could themselves suffer from disease and serve as a source of infection for people and other animals. Here we summarize publications, museum archives, and recent records of ticks and fleas from California voles... (Full abstract)
Authors: Amanda Poulsen, Chris Conroy, Patrick Foley, Caitlin Ott-Conn, Austin Roy, Richard Brown, Janet Foley
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: California voles (Microtus californicus Peale) harbor fleas and ticks, may be infected with vector-borne pathogens, and could themselves suffer from disease and serve as a source of infection for people and other animals. Here we summarize publications, museum archives, and recent records of ticks and fleas from California voles... (Full abstract)
Dynamics of Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Infestations
on Urban Dogs in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Gustavo F. Paz, Daniel M. Avelar, Ilka A. Reis, Pedro M. Linardi
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835), is an important ectoparasite of dogs and cats throughout the world, causing annoyance to the animals and acting as a vector of infections and a cause of allergic dermatitis in dogs and cats. Although climatic variability and seasonality are known to influence the diversity and abundance of fleas, few investigations of seasonal prevalence of cat flea infestation have involved the same group of dogs being examined regularly over an extended period... (Full abstract)
Authors: Gustavo F. Paz, Daniel M. Avelar, Ilka A. Reis, Pedro M. Linardi
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 52 #5
Abstract: The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835), is an important ectoparasite of dogs and cats throughout the world, causing annoyance to the animals and acting as a vector of infections and a cause of allergic dermatitis in dogs and cats. Although climatic variability and seasonality are known to influence the diversity and abundance of fleas, few investigations of seasonal prevalence of cat flea infestation have involved the same group of dogs being examined regularly over an extended period... (Full abstract)
Seasonal Changes in the Caste
Distribution of Foraging Populations of Formosan Subterranean Termite in New
Orleans, Louisiana
Authors: Mary L. Cornelius, Weste L. A. Osbrink, Erin M. Gallatin
Source: Journal of Insect Science, Volume 15
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between temperature, precipitation, soil composition, levels of feeding damage, and the caste distribution (workers, soldiers, nymphs) of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, collected in underground monitoring stations over a 12 mo period. Because nymphs are the caste that develops into alates, the seasonal abundance of nymphs was examined over a 5 yr period... (Full abstract)
Authors: Mary L. Cornelius, Weste L. A. Osbrink, Erin M. Gallatin
Source: Journal of Insect Science, Volume 15
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between temperature, precipitation, soil composition, levels of feeding damage, and the caste distribution (workers, soldiers, nymphs) of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, collected in underground monitoring stations over a 12 mo period. Because nymphs are the caste that develops into alates, the seasonal abundance of nymphs was examined over a 5 yr period... (Full abstract)
Variation in Baiting Intensity Among
CO2-Baited Traps Used to Collect Hematophagous Arthropods
Authors: Yuri P. Springer, Jeffrey R. Taylor, Patrick D. Travers
Source: Journal of Insect Science, Volume 15
Abstract: Hematophagous arthropods transmit the etiological agents of numerous diseases and as a result are frequently the targets of sampling to characterize vector and pathogen populations. Arguably, the most commonly used sampling approach involves traps baited with carbon dioxide. We report results of a laboratory study in which the performance of carbon dioxide-baited traps was evaluated using measures of baiting intensity, the amount of carbon dioxide released per unit time during trap deployment. We evaluated the effects of... (Full abstract )
Authors: Yuri P. Springer, Jeffrey R. Taylor, Patrick D. Travers
Source: Journal of Insect Science, Volume 15
Abstract: Hematophagous arthropods transmit the etiological agents of numerous diseases and as a result are frequently the targets of sampling to characterize vector and pathogen populations. Arguably, the most commonly used sampling approach involves traps baited with carbon dioxide. We report results of a laboratory study in which the performance of carbon dioxide-baited traps was evaluated using measures of baiting intensity, the amount of carbon dioxide released per unit time during trap deployment. We evaluated the effects of... (Full abstract )
The plight of the Monarch butterflies has captured the
American public’s attention in ways that few other insects do. Knowing that
your customers may be curious about the monarchs as well, we highlight here a
special collection of articles in Annals
of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 108, Issue 5. See this link
to an overview
of the collection, discussed in EntomologyToday. The titles of articles in this collection are:
- Long-Term Trends in Eastern North American Monarch Butterflies: A Collection of Studies Focusing on Spring, Summer, and Fall Dynamics (link to abstract)
- Investigating Long-Term Changes in the Spring Migration of Monarch Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Using 18 Years of Data From Journey North, a Citizen Science Program (link to abstract)
- Habitat Productivity and Temporal Patterns of Monarch Butterfly Egg Densities in the Eastern United States (link to abstract)
- Immature Monarch Survival: Effects of Site Characteristics, Density, and Time (link to abstract)
- The Disconnect Between Summer and Winter Monarch Trends for the Eastern Migratory Population: Possible Links to Differing Drivers (link to abstract)
- Population Trends of Monarchs at a Northern Monitoring Site: Analyses of 19 Years of Fall Migration Counts at Peninsula Point, MI (link to abstract)
- Long-term Trends in the Number of Monarch Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Counted on Fall Migration at Long Point, Ontario, Canada (1995–2014) (link to abstract)
- Trends Observed in Fall Migrant Monarch Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) East of the Appalachian Mountains at an Inland Stopover in Southern Pennsylvania over an Eighteen Year Period (link to abstract)
- Wildlife Photographer Finds Termites Nesting in His Camera (link)
- Africanized Honey Bees Continue to Spread in California (link)
- New Flea Genus and Species Found in 20-million-year-old Amber (link)
- Risk of Chagas Disease in Texas May Be Higher than Previously Thought (link)
- Irradiation Can Be an Alternative to Fumigation (link)
- Brown Widow Spider Reported for the First Time in Tahiti (link)
- Mosquito Hawk? Skeeter Eater? Giant Mosquito? No, No, and No (link)
- Entomological Society of America Issues Statement on Tick-borne Diseases (link)
- Stink Bugs Lay Dark or Light Eggs, Depending on Amount of Light (link)
- Male Black Widow Spiders Destroy Females’ Webs to Deter Rivals (link)
- For Kudzu Bugs, a Single Pesticide Application Targeting Nymphs is Most Cost-Effective (link)
- Pests Can Evolve Resistance to Many Types of Control Methods, Not Just Chemicals (link)
